Amirahmadi,Hooshang, The US and the Middle East: A Search for New Perspectives,

State University of New York Press,Albany,1993,p.5

______"Terrorist Nation or Scapegoat ? Taking a Close Look at the Islamic Threat," The

Middle East Insight, September/October, 1994.

Antoun, Richard, and Hegland, Mary, (ed.), Religious Resurgence: Contemporary Cases

in Islam, Christianity and Judaism, Syracuse University Press, 1987.

Ayubi, Nazih, Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World, Routledge,

London, 1991.

_______ "The Political Revival of Islam: The Case of Egypt," International Journal of

Middle Eastern Studies, 12 ,1980.

Bajrektarevic, Anis, "Bosnia a Stepchild of Europe," Global Vision, Worldspeaker, Spring

1996.

Binder, Leonard, Islamic Liberalism: A Critique of Developing Ideologies, Chicago

University Press, 1988.

Bromley, Simon, Rethinking Middle Eastern Politics, University of Texas Press, Austin,

1994.

Crecelius, Daniel, "The Cause of Secularization in Modern Egypt," in John, Esposito,

Islam and Development: Religion and Sociopolitical Change, Syracuse University

Press, New York, 1980.

Crescent International, Markham, Ontario, August 16-31, 1996.

Dekmejian, R.H., Islam in Revolution: Fundamentalism in the Arab World, Syracuse

University Press, 1985.

________"The Anatomy of Islamic Revivalism," Middle East Journal, 34,1980.

Desouki, Hillal, (ed.), "The Islamic Resurgence: Sources, Dynamics and Implications," in

Islamic Resurgence in the Arab World, Praeger Publishers, New York, 1982.

Dorman, William, and Farhang, Mansour, The US Press and Iran: Foreign Policy and The

Journalism of Deference, University of California Press, London, 1987.

Ebrahim, Saad, "Anatomy of Egypt’s Militant Islamic Groups," International Journal of

Middle Eastern Studies, 12,1980.

Edward, Shirley, "The Iran Policy Trap," Foreign Policy, September, 1993.

Enayat, Hamid, "The Resurgence of Islam: The Background," History Today, Vol. 30,

Longman Group, Ltd., London, February,1980.

Esposito, John, Islam and Development: Religion and Sociopolitical Change, Syracuse

University Press, New York, 1980.

______"Political Islam: Beyond the Green Menace," Current History,

January,1994.

______Islam and Politics, (3^rd ed.), Syracuse University Press, New York, 1984.

______The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality, Oxford University Press, New York,

1992.

Faith Versus Religion: Press Images of Religion in the US, Office of Public Relations,

University of Rochester, New York, 1995.

Gellner, Ernest, (ed.), Islamic Dilemmas: Reformers, Nationalists and Industrialization,

Mouton Publishers, Berlin, 1985.

Hadar, Leon, "What Green Peril?" Foreign Affairs, Spring, 1993.

______ "Islamic Fundamentalism is not a Threat to US Security," USA

Magazine,November,1993

Haddad, Yvonne, "The Arab Israeli Wars: Nasserism and the Affirmation of Islamic

Haddad, Yvonne, et al, The Contemporary Islamic Revival: A Critical Survey and

Bibliography, Greenwood Press, Connecticut, 1991.

Halliday, Fred, Islam and the Myth of Confrontation: Religion and Politics in the Middle

East, Tauris, London, 1996.

Hanafi, Hassan, "The Origins of Modern Conservatism and Islamic Fundamentalism," in

Hashemi, Sohail, "International Society and its Islamic Malcontents," The Fletcher

Forum of World Affairs, Winter/Spring, 1996.

Henricksen, Thomas, "The Coming of Great Powers Competition," World Affairs, Fall,

1995.

Hoffman, Murad, "The European Mentality and Islam," Islamic Studies, Islamic Research

Institute, PO Box 1035, Islamabad, Spring, 1996.

Hudson, M, "Islam and Political Development," in John Esposito, Islam and

Hunter, Shireen, The Politics of Islamic Revivalism, Center for Strategic and International

Studies, Washington DC, 1980.

Huntington, Samuel, "The Clash of Civilizations," Foreign Affairs, Volume 72, No 3,

Summer, 1993.

Kamilipour, Yahya, The U.S. Media and the Middle East: Image and Perception, Praeger,

Westport, Connecticut, London, 1995.

Keddie, Nikkie, "Iran: Change in Islam: Islam and Change," The International Journal of

Middle Eastern Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, Vol. 11, no. 4,

Cambridge University Press, July,1980.

Khoury, Philip, "Islamic Revivalism and the Crisis of the Secular State in the Arab World,"

Krauthammer, Charles, "New Crescent of Crisis: Global Intifada," Washington Post,

February 16, 1990.

Lake, Anthony, "Confronting Backlash States," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 73, No. 2,

March/April, 1994.

Landen, Robert, The Emergence of the Modern Middle East, Van Nostrand Reinhold

Company, New York, 1970.

Lewis, Bernard, "The Roots of Muslim Rage," Atlantic Monthly, 226:3, September, 1990.

Miller, Judith, "The Challenge of Radical Islam," Foreign Affairs, Spring, 1993.

Mowlana, Hamid, "Images and The Crisis of Political Legitimacy," in Yahya Kamilipour,

Pipes Daniel, "The Muslims are Coming ! The Muslims are Coming !," National Review,

November 19, 1990.

Piscatori, James, Islam in a World of Nation States, Cambridge University Press, UK,

1986.

Rashid, Ahmed, "A Friend Indeed: Under US Pressure, Iran Woes Its Neighbors." Far

Robertson, BA, "Islam and Europe," Middle East Journal, Vol. 48, Spring, 1994.

Sahliyeh, Emile,(ed.), Religious Resurgence and Politics in the Contemporary World,

State University of New York Press, Albany, NY, 1990.

Said, Edward, "Declaring War on Islam: The Legacy of Sharm el Sheikh," The

Progressive Information Access Company, Thompson Corporation Company,

May, 1996.

_____Covering Islam, Pantheon, New York, 1981.

Saikal, Amin, "The US and Persian Gulf Security," World Policy Journal, Summer, 1992.

Sisk, Timothy, Islam and Democracy: Religion, Politics and Power in the Middle East,

Washington DC, Institute for Peace and Press, 1992.

Shirley, Edward, "The Iran policy Trap," Foreign Policy, Spring 1993.

Stork, Joe, "New Enemies for a New World Order: From Arc of Crisis to Global Intifada,"

Middle East Report, May/June, 1992.

Taylor, Alan, The Islamic Question in Middle East Politics, Westview Press, Boulder,

Colorado, 1988.

The Economist, "Islam and the West: The Next War, They Say," The Economist Ltd.,

New York, August 6, 1994.

The New Federalist, Leesburg, Virginia, August 19, 1996.

Thrice, Robert, "The American Elite Press and The Arab/Israeli Conflict," The Middle

East Journal, Spring, 1979.

Tuchman, Gay, Making News: A Study in the Construction of Reality, Free Press, New

York, 1978.

Turner, Bryan, Orientalism, Postmodernism and Globalism, Routledge, London, 1994.

Voll, John, "The Revivalist Heritage," in Yvonne Haddad, et al, The Contemporary

Islamic Revival: A Critical Survey and Bibliography, Greenwood Press,

Connecticut, 1991.

Yapp, M.E., "Contemporary Islamic Revivalism," Journal of the Royal Society for Asian

Affairs, Vol. 11, London, June, 1980.